Kuya kubakho iziphene nakweyiphi na isakhelo.Ubukho bezi ziphene buya kuzisa ingozi enkulu efihliweyo kumgangatho wangaphakathi wokuphosa.Ukulungiswa kwe-welding ukuphelisa ezi ziphene kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kwakhona kuya kuzisa umthwalo omkhulu kwinkqubo yokuvelisa..Ngokukodwa, njengoko i-valve i-shell-shell casting ephantsi koxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, ukudibanisa kwesakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu.Ke ngoko, iziphene zangaphakathi zokuphosa ziba yinto ethatha isigqibo esichaphazela umgangatho wokuphosa.
Iziphene zangaphakathi ze-valve castings ikakhulu ziquka ii-pores, i-slag inclusions, i-shrinkage porosity kunye nokuqhekeka.
Apha kuya kwazisa enye yeziphene eziphambili --slag inclusions kunye nokuqhekeka
(1) Ukufakwa kwesanti (slag):
Ukufakwa kwesanti (i-slag), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-trachoma, iyisityhula engahambelaniyo okanye umngxuma ongaqhelekanga ngaphakathi kokuphosa.Umngxuma uxutywe nesanti yokubumba okanye i-slag yensimbi, kwaye ubungakanani abuqhelekanga.Iqokelelwe kwindawo enye okanye ngaphezulu, rhoqo kwindawo ephezulu.
Izizathu zokufakwa kwesanti (slag):
Ukufakwa kwe-slag kwenziwa ngenxa ye-slag ye-discrete yensimbi engena kwi-casting kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo ngexesha lokunyibilika okanye ukuthululelwa kwensimbi etyhidiweyo.Ukufakwa kwesanti kubangelwa ukunyanzeliswa okunganeleyo komgodi ngexesha lokubumba.Xa intsimbi etyhidiweyo igalelwa emngxunyeni, isanti ebumbayo ihlanjwa yintsimbi etyhidiweyo kwaye ingene ngaphakathi kwi-casting.Ukongezelela, ukusebenza okungafanelekanga xa kulungiswa kunye nokuvala ibhokisi, kunye nesiganeko sokulahleka kwesanti nayo yimbangela yokufakwa kwesihlabathi.
Iindlela zokuthintela ukufakwa kwesanti (slag):
①Xa intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo inyibilikiswa, umbhobho kunye ne-slag kufuneka iphele ngokucokisekileyo kangangoko.Emva kokuba intsimbi etyhidiweyo ikhutshwe, kufuneka itholiswe kwi-ladle, ehambelana nokujikeleza kwe-slag yensimbi.
② Ingxowa yokugalela yentsimbi etyhidiweyo akufuneki ijikwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa ibhegi yeti okanye ingxowa yokugalela esezantsi, ukuze kuthintelwe i-slag kwindawo ephezulu yentsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuba ingangeni kumngxuma wokujula ecaleni kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo. .
③ Imilinganiselo ye-slag yokuphosa kufuneka ithathwe xa intsimbi etyhidiweyo igalelwa ukunciphisa i-slag yentsimbi engena kumngxuma ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo.
④Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukubakho kokufakwa kwesanti, qinisekisa ukubumbana kwesanti xa ubumba, qaphela ukuba ungawisi isanti xa ulungisa isikhunta, kwaye uvuthele umgodi wokubumba ucoceke ngaphambi kokuvala ibhokisi.
(2)Iintanda:
Uninzi lweziqhekezo kwii-castings zishushu ezishushu ezinemilo engaqhelekanga, ukungena okanye ukungena ngaphakathi, okuqhubekayo okanye okuphakathi, kwaye isinyithi kwi-crack simnyama okanye sine-oxidation yomhlaba.
Kukho izizathu ezibini zokuqhekeka: uxinzelelo oluphezulu lobushushu kunye nokuguqulwa kwefilimu yolwelo.
Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lweqondo lokushisa luxinzelelo olwenziwe yi-shrinkage kunye ne-deformation yensimbi etyhidiweyo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.Xa uxinzelelo ludlula amandla okanye umda wokuguqulwa kweplastiki yentsimbi kule bushushu, kuya kubakho ukuqhekeka.Ukuguqulwa kwefilimu yolwelo kukwenziwa kwefilimu elulwelo phakathi kweenkozo zentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ngexesha lokuqina kunye necrystallization.Ngenkqubela phambili yokuqinisa kunye ne-crystallization, ifilimu ye-liquid ikhubazekile.Xa isixa se-deformation kunye nesantya sokuguqulwa sidlula umda othile, ukuqhekeka kwenzeka.Uluhlu lweqondo lobushushu le-crack generation limalunga ne-1200-1450 °C.
Izinto ezibangela iintanda:
I-①S kunye ne-P izinto kwintsimbi zizinto eziyingozi ezibangela iintanda.I-eutectic yabo ngentsimbi inciphisa amandla kunye neplastiki yensimbi ephosiweyo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, okubangela ukuqhekeka.
②Ukufakwa kwe-slag kunye nokwahlula kwintsimbi kwandisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okutshisayo.
③ Okukhona ukuncipha komlinganiso womgca womgangatho wentsimbi, kokukhona utyekelo lokuqhekeka kwe-thermal.
④Okukhona i-thermal conductivity yomgangatho wentsimbi, kokukhona ukuxinana komphezulu, kokukhona ubushushu obuphezulu beempawu zemishini, kunye nokuncinci ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwe-thermal.
⑤ Uyilo lwesakhiwo sokuphosa alulungile kwi-manufacturability.Ngokomzekelo, i-fillet incinci kakhulu, ukuhlukana kodonga kukhulu kakhulu, kwaye uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lunzulu, oluya kubangela ukuqhekeka.
⑥ Ukubumbana kokungunda kwesanti kuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukunganikezeli kakuhle kombindi kuthintela ukucutheka kokubunjwa kwaye kwandisa ukuthambekela kweentanda.
⑦ Ezinye ezifana nolungiselelo olungafanelekanga lokugalela izinyusi, isantya sokupholisa ngokukhawuleza sokuphosa, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo olubangelwa kukugalela izinyusi kunye nokunyangwa kobushushu kuya kuchaphazela ukuveliswa kweentanda.
Ngenxa yezizathu kunye neempembelelo zokuqhekeka okungasentla, amanyathelo ahambelanayo anokuthathwa ukunciphisa nokuphepha ukwenzeka kweziphene zokuqhekeka.
Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo olungentla lwezizathu zokuphosa iziphene, fumana iingxaki ezikhoyo, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuphucula ahambelanayo, indlela yokusombulula iziphene zokuphosa inokufunyanwa, enenzuzo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wokuphosa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-11-2022